The wildlife at Glacier National Park is beautiful and diverse. There are a variety of mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish to view. Check out all the incredible species this park has to offer!
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Glacier National Park Species List
Mammals
| Badger (Taxidea taxus) | A robust, burrowing carnivore, black and white markings, skilled digger, known for tenacity and territorial nature, inhabiting various landscapes. |
| Beaver (Castor canadensis) | An industrious, aquatic rodent, constructs dams and lodges, using its strong teeth and tail, shaping landscapes and creating wetland habitats. |
| Big Brown Bat (Eptesicus fuscus) | A robust nocturnal insect predator, widespread in North America, easily recognizable by its dark fur, navigating the night skies. |
| Bighorn Sheep (Ovis canadensis) | An agile mountain dweller, curved horns, adapted hooves, thriving in rugged terrain, symbolizing wilderness resilience and adaptability. |
| Black Bear (Ursus americanus) | A versatile omnivore, shaggy coat, inhabits diverse environments, known for its adaptability, foraging skills, and elusive nature. |
| Bobcat (Lynx rufus) | An elusive feline predator, tufted ears, short tail, adept hunter, found across North America, embodying wilderness mystery and stealth. |
| Bushy-tailed Wood Rat (Neotoma cinerea) | A rodent with a long, fluffy tail, adept nest builder, collecting a diverse range of materials in its habitat. |
| California Myotis (Myotis californicus) | A tiny bat species, with distinct pinkish ears, found in diverse habitats, aiding ecosystems by consuming insects during night flights. |
| Chipmunk, Red Tailed (Tamias ruficaudus) | A vibrant striped rodent, storing food in cheek pouches, darting through forests and meadows, adding charm to natural settings. |
| Chipmunk, Yellow Pine (Tamias amoenus) | A lively, striped critter of coniferous forests, adept at storing food, scurrying among trees, a delightful woodland presence. |
| Columbian Ground Squirrel (Spermophilus columbianus) | A burrowing rodent with grizzled fur, found in grasslands, contributing to ecosystem balance through foraging and soil aeration. |
| Coyote (Canis latrans) | An adaptable canid, skilled predator, distinguished by yips and howls, surviving in various landscapes, embodying nature’s cunning and resilience. |
| Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus) | A small, agile rodent with large eyes and delicate features, inhabiting various habitats, contributing to ecosystems through seed dispersal. |
| Elk (Cervus elaphus) | A majestic herbivore, large and antlered, inhabiting grasslands and forests, symbolizing wilderness grandeur and captivating with its bugling calls. |
| Fisher (Martes pennanti) | An elusive carnivore with dark fur, bushy tail, adept climber, contributing to ecosystems by controlling prey populations. |
| Golden-mantled Ground Squirrel (Spermophilus lateralis) | A small, charming rodent, featuring golden, brown and gray hues with two white stripes bordered by black stripes down its back, often seen scurrying among trees and foraging for food. |
| Gray Wolf (Canis lupus) | A highly intelligent, social predator with a haunting howl, living in tight-knit packs, embodying both fierce loyalty and wild freedom. |
| Grizzly Bear (Ursus arctos horribilis) | A powerful omnivore with distinctive hump, fur ranging from blond to dark brown, embodying the untamed spirit of wilderness. |
| Hoary Marmot (Marmota caligata) | A stout, burrowing mammal with a plump body, short legs, and a shrill whistle, residing in alpine meadows and rocky slopes. |
| Least Weasel (Mustela nivalis) | A petite carnivore with sleek fur, fierce predator of rodents, known for agility and voracious appetite, found in various habitats. |
| Little Brown Bat (Myotis lucifugus) | A small, insect-eating flyer, widespread in North America, essential for pest control, facing threats from White-nose Syndrome. |
| Long-eared Bat (Myotis evotis) | A nocturnal insect hunter, distinguished by large ears, inhabiting diverse habitats, contributing to ecosystem balance through pest control. |
| Long-tailed Vole (Microtus longicaudus) | A inconspicuous rodent with extended tail, thriving in grasslands and forests, significant for plant ecology, impacting vegetation through grazing and seed distribution. |
| Long-tailed Weasel (Mustela frenata) | A sleek carnivore with distinctive body shape, agile predator, hunting rodents and small animals, vital to controlling prey populations in ecosystems. |
| Lynx (Lynx canadensis) | An elusive feline with tufted ears, adapted for cold climates, a skilled hunter of snowshoe hares, embodying northern wilderness. |
| Marten (Martes americana) | An agile carnivore with luxurious fur, navigates forests adeptly, contributes to ecosystem balance by controlling rodent populations. |
| Masked Shrew (Sorex cinereus) | A tiny, voracious insectivore, with pointed snout and mask-like markings, found in diverse habitats, contributing to pest control and soil health. |
| Meadow Vole (Microtus pennsylvanicus) | A small, burrowing rodent of grasslands, prolific breeder, plays a crucial role in ecosystems by serving as prey and shaping ecosystems by consuming vegetation. |
| Mink (Mustela vison) | A semi-aquatic carnivore with sleek fur, found near water bodies, skilled hunter of fish and small prey, contributing to aquatic ecosystem balance. |
| Montane Heather Vole (Phenacomys intermedius) | A small, secretive rodent inhabiting montane habitats, foraging on vegetation, and impacting ecosystem dynamics through seed dispersal and grazing. |
| Montane Shrew (Sorex monticolus) | A tiny, insectivorous mammal thriving in high-altitude habitats, its energetic foraging contributes to controlling insect populations and maintaining ecosystem balance. |
| Moose (Alces alces) | A colossal herbivore with iconic antlers, inhabiting northern forests and wetlands, embodying wilderness majesty and a symbol of boreal ecosystems. |
| Mountain Goat (Oreamnos americanus) | An agile ungulate of alpine landscapes, with distinctive white coat and curved horns, a symbol of wilderness adaptation and beauty. |
| Mountain Lion (Puma concolor) | A stealthy, elusive feline predator, known for its agility, powerful build, and keen senses, reigning as the apex predator in its mountainous domain. |
| Mule Deer (Odocoileus hemionus) | A graceful herbivore with large ears, inhabiting diverse terrains, symbolic of wildlife adaptability and a common sight in western North America. |
| Muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) | A semi-aquatic rodent with waterproof fur, skilled swimmer, builds lodges in wetlands, contributing to ecosystem balance through food consumption and habitat modification. |
| Northern Bog Lemming (Synaptomys borealis) | A small, elusive rodent of wetlands, important prey for predators, and shaping ecosystems through its burrowing and feeding habits. |
| Northern Flying Squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus) | A nocturnal arboreal glider, known for its patagium, flaps of skin between limbs, found in forests, contributing to ecosystem dynamics and food chains. |
| Northern Pocket Gopher (Thomomys talpoides) | A subterranean rodent with cheek pouches, excavates extensive burrows, influencing soil structure and plant distribution while providing food for predators. |
| Northern Water Shrew (Sorex palustris) | An aquatic mammal with dense fur, adept swimmer and predator, found near water bodies, controlling aquatic insect populations and contributing to ecosystem health. |
| Pika (Ochotona princeps) | A small, round mammal with big ears, residing in high-altitude rocky habitats, known for its distinctive “eep” call and gathering food for winter. |
| Porcupine (Erethizon dorsatum) | A slow-moving rodent with sharp quills, lives in trees and feeds on vegetation, playing a role in forest ecology and predator defense. |
| Racoon (Procyon lotor) | A clever omnivore with distinctive mask-like markings, found in various habitats, adept at foraging and using its dexterous paws to manipulate objects. |
| Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes) | An adaptable carnivore with russet fur, widespread in diverse habitats, an agile predator and opportunistic scavenger, symbolizing resourcefulness in the wild. |
| Red Squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) | A lively, small mammal with vibrant fur, adept climber and forager, contributing to forest ecosystems by dispersing seeds and controlling insects. |
| Red-backed Vole (Clethrionomys gapperi) | A forest-dwelling rodent with reddish fur stripe, pivotal in plant ecology through seed dispersal, and as prey for predators. |
| Richardson’s Ground Squirrel (Spermophilus richardsonii) | A prairie inhabitant, burrows in grasslands, influencing ecosystems through seed consumption, soil aeration, and as prey for predators. |
| River Otter (Lutra canadensis) | An aquatic mammal with sleek fur, adept swimmer and hunter, thrives in freshwater habitats, playing a role in aquatic ecosystem health. |
| Short-tailed Weasel (Mustela erminea) | A small carnivore with distinct coat, agile hunter of small prey, found in various habitats, contributing to rodent population control. |
| Silver-haired Bat (Lasionycteris noctivagans) | A nocturnal flyer with silver-tipped fur, migratory and insectivorous, traversing night skies and controlling insect populations. |
| Snowshoe Hare (Lepus americanus) | A seasonal color changer, adapting fur from brown to white, inhabits boreal forests, a critical prey species for predators. |
| Striped Skunk (Mephitis mephitis) | A distinctive omnivore with black and white markings, known for its defensive odor, contributing to ecosystems by controlling insect and rodent populations. |
| Thirteen-lined Ground Squirrel (Spermophilus tridecemlineatus) | A small rodent with striped pattern, resides in grasslands, impacting ecosystems through foraging habits, burrowing, and providing food for predators. |
| Vagrant Shrew (Sorex vagrans) | A tiny, insectivorous mammal with a pointy snout, found in diverse habitats, foraging actively and playing a role in insect population control. |
| Water Vole (Microtus richardsoni) | A semi-aquatic rodent with dense fur, found near water bodies, contributes to riparian ecosystems by shaping habitats and controlling vegetation. |
| Western Jumping Mouse (Zapus princeps) | A unique rodent with long tail, inhabits wetlands, pivotal in plant ecology through seed dispersal, and providing prey for predators. |
| White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) | A graceful herbivore with distinctive tail, common in various habitats, a keystone species impacting plant communities and supporting predators. |
| White-tailed Jackrabbit (Lepus townsendii) | A large hare with distinctive tail, inhabiting open landscapes, contributes to food chains and plays a role in shaping plant communities. |
| Wolverine (Gulo gulo) | A tenacious carnivore with thick fur, inhabits remote areas, powerful predator scavenging for food, embodies wild spirit and resilience. |
| Yellow-bellied Marmot (Marmota flaviventris) | A social rodent with yellow underbelly, lives in alpine habitats, contributing to ecosystem health through foraging and burrowing activities. |
Birds
| Bird Name | Description |
| American Avocet (Recurvirostra americana) | An elegant wader with distinct upturned bill, forages in shallow waters, its appearance and behavior add grace to wetland habitats. |
| American Coot (Fulica americana) | An aquatic bird with distinctive white bill and red eyes, found in wetlands, contributing to aquatic ecosystems by consuming vegetation and insects. |
| American Crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos) | An intelligent, black-feathered bird with versatile calls, thrives in diverse habitats, impacting ecosystems through scavenging and seed dispersal. |
| American Dipper (Cinclus mexicanus) | A small bird of mountain streams, bobs and dives underwater to forage, symbolizing adaptation to aquatic habitats. |
| American Goldfinch (Carduelis tristis) | A vibrant songbird with bright yellow plumage, frequenting open areas, adding color to landscapes and aiding in seed dispersal. |
| American Kestrel (Falco sparverius) | A smallest falcon, colorful plumage, hovers while hunting, inhabiting varied habitats, contributing to pest control by preying on insects and rodents. |
| American Pipit (Anthus rubescens) | A slender songbird with streaked plumage, inhabits grasslands and wetlands, adding to ecosystem dynamics by consuming insects and seeds. |
| American Redstart (Setophaga ruticilla) | A colorful songbird with distinctive black and orange markings, found in various habitats, contributing to insect control and forest diversity. |
| American Robin (Turdus migratorius) | An iconic songbird with red breast, found in diverse habitats, heralds spring, impacting ecosystems by consuming insects and spreading seeds. |
| American Three-toed Woodpecker (Picoides tridactylus) | A specialized bird with three toes, inhabits coniferous forests, contributing to forest health by foraging on insect-infested trees. |
| American Tree Sparrow (Spizella arborea) | A small bird with distinctive head pattern, frequents shrubby habitats, adds to winter landscapes and contributes to seed dispersal. |
| American White Pelican (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos) | A large water bird with white plumage, prominent bill pouch, congregates in wetlands, aiding ecosystems by consuming fish and controlling aquatic populations. |
| American Wigeon (Anas americana) | A dabbling duck with distinct markings, inhabits wetlands, contributing to aquatic ecosystems by consuming vegetation and insects. |
| Baird’s Sandpiper (Calidris bairdii) | A migratory shorebird with distinctive markings, seen in various habitats, contributing to coastal ecosystems by consuming insects and small organisms. |
| Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) | An iconic raptor with white head and tail, known for its strength and keen eyesight, symbolizing freedom and wilderness majesty. |
| Band-tailed Pigeon (Columba fasciata) | A larger pigeon species with distinctive collar, found in North American forests, plays a role in seed dispersal and forest dynamics. |
| Bank Swallow (Riparia riparia) | A small bird that nests in sandy banks, known for its burrowing behavior, contributing to ecosystem health by controlling insect populations. |
| Barn Swallow (Hirundo rustica) | A graceful aerial bird with forked tail, nests in human structures, actively hunts insects, and enriches landscapes with its presence. |
| Barred Owl (Strix varia) | A nocturnal raptor with distinct barred pattern, haunting hoot, found in forests, preys on small mammals, playing a crucial role in predator-prey balance. |
| Barrow’s Goldeneye (Bucephala islandica) | A striking diving duck with distinctive markings, found in North American lakes, contributing to aquatic ecosystems by consuming insects and small organisms. |
| Bay-breasted Warbler (Dendroica castanea) | A migratory songbird with distinct markings, breeds in North American forests, contributing to ecosystem dynamics by consuming insects and dispersing seeds. |
| Belted Kingfisher (Ceryle alcyon) | A distinctive bird with crested head, found near water, hunts fish from perches, contributing to aquatic ecosystems by controlling fish populations. |
| Black Swift (Cypseloides niger) | A aerial bird with distinctive shape, nests behind waterfalls, foraging on flying insects, contributing to ecosystems by controlling insect populations. |
| Black Tern (Chlidonias niger) | An elegant bird with dark plumage, often seen near water bodies, adds grace to wetland habitats, contributing to aquatic insect control. |
| Black-backed Woodpecker (Picoides arcticus) | A distinctive woodpecker with black upperparts, thrives in burned forests, playing a role in ecosystem recovery by foraging on insect-infested trees. |
| Black-bellied Plover (Pluvialis squatarola) | A migratory shorebird with striking breeding plumage, found on North American coastlines, contributes to coastal ecosystems by consuming insects and small organisms. |
| Black-billed Magpie (Pica pica) | An intelligent, bold bird with striking black and white plumage, thrives in various habitats, contributing to ecosystems by scavenging and seed dispersal. |
| Black-capped Chickadee (Parus atricapillus) | A small, charismatic bird with distinctive call, frequents forests and feeders, contributing to ecosystems by consuming insects and aiding in seed dispersal. |
| Black-chinned Hummingbird (Archilochus alexandri) | A vibrant hummingbird with iridescent throat, migratory in North America, plays a role in pollination and adds beauty to gardens. |
| Black-crowned Night-Heron (Nycticorax nycticorax) | A nocturnal wader with distinct appearance, found near water, feeds on aquatic creatures, contributing to wetland ecosystem balance. |
| Black-headed Grosbeak (Pheucticus melanocephalus) | A striking songbird with black head and vibrant plumage, forages in trees, contributing to ecosystems by consuming insects and dispersing seeds. |
| Black-legged Kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla) | A gull-like seabird with black legs, nests in colonies, vital for marine ecosystems by consuming fish and marine invertebrates. |
| Blue Jay (Cyanocitta cristata) | A vibrant bird with blue and white markings, found in various habitats, contributing to ecosystems by dispersing seeds and controlling insect populations. |
| Blue-winged Teal (Anas discors) | A dabbling duck with distinct blue wing patch, common in wetlands, adds to aquatic ecosystems by consuming insects and vegetation. |
| Bohemian Waxwing (Bombycilla garrulus) | A sociable songbird with unique markings, frequents forests and fruit trees, contributing to ecosystems by consuming insects and spreading seeds. |
| Bonaparte’s Gull (Larus philadelphia) | A small gull with distinct appearance, often seen over water bodies, plays a role in aquatic ecosystems by consuming insects and small organisms. |
| Boreal Chickadee (Parus hudsonicus) | A small, hardy bird of northern forests, distinctive call, contributing to ecosystems by consuming insects and aiding in seed dispersal |
| Boreal Owl (Aegolius funereus) | An elusive nocturnal raptor of northern forests, adept predator of small mammals, playing a role in controlling rodent populations. |
| Brewer’s Blackbird (Euphagus cyanocephalus) | An iridescent bird with dark plumage, adaptable to various habitats, contributes to ecosystems by consuming insects and foraging seeds. |
| Brewer’s Sparrow (Spizella breweri) | A small songbird of arid habitats, with delicate plumage, contributes to ecosystems by consuming insects and dispersing seeds. |
| Broad-tailed Hummingbird (Selasphorus platycercus) | An iridescent bird with distinctive tail pattern, migratory in North America, vital for pollination and adding beauty to gardens. |
| Broad-winged Hawk (Buteo platypterus) | A forest-dwelling raptor with distinct call, migratory, contributing to ecosystems by preying on small mammals and controlling rodent populations. |
| Brown Creeper (Certhia americana) | A small, camouflaged bird with distinctive climbing behavior, forages on tree trunks, contributing to ecosystems by consuming insects and spiders. |
| Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) | A brood parasite bird with unique behavior, lays eggs in other birds’ nests, impacting host species by potentially harming their reproduction. |
| Bufflehead (Bucephala albeola) | A striking diving duck with distinctive markings, inhabits North American waters, adds to aquatic ecosystems by consuming insects and small organisms. |
| Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia) | A small, ground-dwelling raptor, known for living in abandoned burrows, contributes to ecosystems by preying on rodents and insects. |
| California Gull (Larus californicus) | A versatile seabird with distinctive markings, found in various habitats, contributing to ecosystems by consuming fish, insects, and scavenging. |
| Calliope Hummingbird (Stellula calliope) | The smallest bird in North America, migratory, vital for pollination, contributing to ecosystems and adding beauty to gardens. |
| Canada Goose (Branta canadensis) | A large waterfowl with distinctive markings, often seen in urban areas, contributes to ecosystems by consuming vegetation and controlling insect populations. |
| Canvasback (Aythya valisineria) | A diving duck with unique profile, inhabits North American waters, adds to aquatic ecosystems by consuming aquatic plants and invertebrates. |
| Cape May Warbler (Dendroica tigrina) | A migratory songbird with striking markings, breeds in North American forests, contributing to ecosystems by consuming insects and aiding in pollination. |
| Caspian Tern (Sterna caspia) | A large, seabird with distinct appearance, found near water, contributes to aquatic ecosystems by consuming fish and marine invertebrates. |
| Cassin’s Finch (Carpodacus cassinii) | A medium-sized songbird with unique bill shape, frequents coniferous forests, contributing to ecosystems by consuming seeds and insects. |
| Cassin’s Vireo (Vireo solitarius) | A small songbird with distinctive markings, resides in woodlands, contributing to ecosystems by consuming insects and aiding in seed dispersal. |
| Cedar Waxwing (Bombycilla cedrorum) | A sociable songbird with waxy tips on wings, often seen in flocks, contributing to ecosystems by consuming fruit and insects. |
| Chestnut-backed Chickadee (Parus rufescens) | A small, charismatic bird with chestnut-colored back, inhabits Pacific forests, contributing to ecosystems by consuming insects and aiding in seed dispersal. |
| Chestnut-collared Longspur (Calcarius ornatus) | A small songbird with distinct collar, breeds in North American grasslands, contributing to ecosystems by consuming insects and foraging seeds. |
| Chipping Sparrow (Spizella passerina) | A small songbird with reddish cap, frequents open areas, contributes to ecosystems by consuming insects and adding to bird diversity. |
| Cinnamon Teal (Anas cyanoptera) | A dabbling duck with distinctive cinnamon-colored plumage, inhabits wetlands, adding to aquatic ecosystems by consuming vegetation and insects. |
| Clark’s Nutcracker (Nucifraga columbiana) | An intelligent bird with distinctive markings, found in western mountains, contributes to ecosystems by aiding in seed dispersal and pine cone regeneration. |
| Clay-colored Sparrow (Spizella pallida) | A small songbird with subtle markings, breeds in grasslands, contributing to ecosystems by consuming insects and aiding in seed dispersal. |
| Cliff Swallow (Hirundo pyrrhonota) | A social bird with distinctive mud nests, found under cliffs and bridges, contributing to ecosystems by consuming insects and controlling populations. |
| Common Goldeneye (Bucephala clangula) | A diving duck with striking markings, inhabits North American waters, contributing to aquatic ecosystems by consuming insects and small organisms. |
| Common Loon (Gavia immer) | An iconic waterbird with haunting call, found on North American lakes, vital for aquatic ecosystems, preying on fish and controlling populations. |
| Common Merganser (Mergus merganser) | A large diving duck with distinctive appearance, inhabits North American waters, contributes to aquatic ecosystems by consuming fish and aquatic organisms. |
| Common Nighthawk (Chordeiles minor) | A crepuscular bird with unique flight pattern, consuming insects on the wing, contributing to ecosystems by controlling insect populations. |
| Common Raven (Corvus corax) | An intelligent bird with deep black plumage, found in various habitats, contributes to ecosystems by scavenging, seed dispersal, and predator-prey balance. |
| Common Redpoll (Carduelis flammea) | A small finch with subtle markings, breeds in northern regions, contributes to ecosystems by consuming seeds and adding to bird diversity. |
| Common Snipe (Gallinago gallinago) | A secretive bird with unique drumming display, inhabits wetlands, plays a role in aquatic ecosystems by consuming insects and small organisms. |
| Common Tern (Sterna hirundo) | A graceful seabird with distinctive black cap, nests on coastlines, vital for marine ecosystems by consuming fish and marine invertebrates. |
| Common Yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas) | A small songbird with distinctive mask, found in wetlands, contributes to ecosystems by consuming insects and aiding in pollination. |
| Cooper’s Hawk (Accipiter cooperii) | An agile raptor with distinctive markings, preys on birds and small mammals, contributing to ecosystems by controlling rodent and bird populations. |
| Cordilleran Flycatcher (Empidonax difficilis) | A small songbird with distinct call, frequents western forests, contributing to ecosystems by consuming insects and aiding in pollination. |
| Dark-eyed Junco (Junco hyemalis) | A diverse songbird with various regional colorations, common in North American habitats, contributes to ecosystems by consuming seeds and insects. |
| Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) | An aquatic bird with distinct hooked bill, widespread in North America, contributes to ecosystems by consuming fish and controlling populations. |
| Downy Woodpecker (Picoides pubescens) | A small, common woodpecker with black and white plumage, frequents trees, contributing to ecosystems by consuming insects and aiding in tree health. |
| Dusky Flycatcher (Empidonax oberholseri) | A small songbird with distinctive eye-ring, inhabits western woodlands, contributes to ecosystems by consuming insects and aiding in pollination. |
| Dusky Grouse (Dendragapus obscurus) | A forest-dwelling bird with camouflaged plumage, thrives in mountainous habitats, playing a role in ecosystems by consuming vegetation and insects. |
| Eared Grebe (Podiceps nigricollis) | A waterbird with distinctive facial markings, found in North American lakes, contributing to aquatic ecosystems by consuming aquatic organisms. |
| Eastern Kingbird (Tyrannus tyrannus) | A flycatcher with bold white markings, frequents open areas, contributes to ecosystems by consuming insects and adding to bird diversity. |
| Eurasian Wigeon (Anas Penelope) | A migratory duck with distinctive plumage, occasionally found in North America, contributes to aquatic ecosystems by consuming vegetation and small organisms. |
| European Starling (Sturnus vulgaris) | An adaptable bird with iridescent plumage, introduced in North America, contributes to ecosystems by consuming insects and foraging fruits. |
| Evening Grosbeak (Coccothraustes vespertinus) | A striking finch with unique coloring, frequents coniferous forests, contributes to ecosystems by consuming seeds and fruits. |
| Ferruginous Hawk (Buteo regalis) | A large raptor with distinctive pale plumage, found in open habitats, contributes to ecosystems by preying on small mammals and birds. |
| Fox Sparrow (Passerella iliaca) | A large, elusive songbird with rich plumage, frequents forest floors, contributes to ecosystems by consuming insects and aiding in seed dispersal. |
| Franklin’s Gull (Larus pipixcan) | A migratory bird with distinct black head in breeding plumage, found near water, contributes to ecosystems by consuming insects and aquatic organisms. |
| Gadwall (Anas strepera) | A dabbling duck with mottled brown plumage, inhabits wetlands, contributes to aquatic ecosystems by consuming vegetation and small invertebrates. |
| Glaucous Gull (Larus hyperboreus) | A large, pale gull with distinctive markings, often seen near water, contributes to marine ecosystems by consuming fish, carrion, and marine invertebrates. |
| Glaucous-winged Gull (Larus glaucescens) | A large, coastal gull with unique wing markings, contributes to marine ecosystems by consuming fish, scavenging, and marine invertebrates. |
| Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) | A majestic raptor with powerful build, widespread in North America, contributes to ecosystems by preying on small mammals and birds. |
| Golden-crowned Kinglet (Regulus satrapa) | A tiny bird with striking golden crown, inhabits coniferous forests, contributes to ecosystems by consuming insects and aiding in pollination. |
| Gray Catbird (Dumetella carolinensis) | A secretive songbird with distinctive call, found in shrubby habitats, contributes to ecosystems by consuming insects and aiding in seed dispersal. |
| Gray Jay (Perisoreus canadensis) | An intelligent and fearless bird of northern forests, contributes to ecosystems by scavenging, aiding in seed dispersal, and being a symbol of wilderness. |
| Great Blue Heron (Ardea herodias) | An iconic wading bird with distinctive silhouette, frequents wetlands, contributes to aquatic ecosystems by consuming fish and aquatic organisms. |
| Great Gray Owl (Strix nebulosa) | A large, ghost-like owl with unique facial disk, inhabits boreal forests, contributes to ecosystems by preying on small mammals. |
| Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus) | A powerful raptor with prominent “horns,” adapts to diverse habitats, contributes to ecosystems by preying on mammals and birds. |
| Greater Scaup (Aythya marila) | A diving duck with distinctive plumage, inhabits North American waters, contributes to aquatic ecosystems by consuming aquatic plants and invertebrates. |
| Greater Yellowlegs (Tringa melanoleuca) | A slender shorebird with distinctive long legs, forages in wetlands, contributes to ecosystems by consuming insects, aquatic organisms, and small fish. |
| Green-winged Teal (Anas crecca) | A small dabbling duck with colorful wing patch, inhabits wetlands, contributes to aquatic ecosystems by consuming vegetation and small invertebrates. |
| Gyrfalcon (Falco rusticolus) | A majestic raptor with varying color phases, inhabits northern regions, contributes to ecosystems by preying on birds and small mammals. |
| Hairy Woodpecker (Picoides villosus) | Similar to Downy Woodpecker, slightly larger, frequents trees, contributes to ecosystems by consuming insects and aiding in tree health. |
| Hammond’s Flycatcher (Empidonax hammondii) | A small songbird with subtle markings, breeds in coniferous forests, contributes to ecosystems by consuming insects and aiding in pollination. |
| Harlequin Duck (Histrionicus histrionicus) | A striking sea duck with unique coloring, inhabits fast-flowing streams, contributes to aquatic ecosystems by consuming aquatic insects and small invertebrates. |
| Harris’s Sparrow (Zonotrichia querula) | A large, distinctive sparrow with dark crown, found in northern habitats, contributes to ecosystems by consuming seeds and insects. |
| Hermit Thrush (Catharus guttatus) | A forest-dwelling songbird with ethereal song, contributes to ecosystems by consuming insects and aiding in seed dispersal. |
| Herring Gull (Larus argentatus) | A large, common gull with varying plumage, inhabits coastal areas, contributes to marine ecosystems by scavenging, consuming fish, and marine invertebrates. |
| Hooded Merganser (Lophodytes cucullatus) | A small, striking duck with distinctive crest, inhabits freshwater habitats, contributes to aquatic ecosystems by consuming fish, aquatic insects, and small invertebrates. |
| Horned Grebe (Podiceps auritus) | A small waterbird with distinctive “horns,” frequents North American lakes, contributes to aquatic ecosystems by consuming aquatic organisms and fish. |
| Horned Lark (Eremophila alpestris) | A ground-dwelling songbird with distinctive face markings, frequents open areas, contributes to ecosystems by consuming seeds and insects. |
| House Finch (Carpodacus mexicanus) | A small, adaptable songbird with varied plumage, frequents urban areas, contributes to ecosystems by consuming seeds and aiding in pollination. |
| House Wren (Troglodytes aedon) | A small, active songbird with melodious song, found in various habitats, contributes to ecosystems by consuming insects and aiding in pest control. |
| Indigo Bunting (Passerina cyanea) | A vibrant blue songbird, often found in fields and wood edges, contributes to ecosystems by consuming insects and dispersing seeds. |
| Killdeer (Charadrius vociferus) | A distinctive plover with bold markings, frequents open habitats, contributes to ecosystems by consuming insects and nesting on the ground. |
| Lapland Longspur (Calcarius lapponicus) | An Arctic-breeding songbird with unique plumage, occasionally found in North America, contributes to ecosystems by consuming seeds and insects. |
| Lazuli Bunting (Passerina amoena) | A striking blue songbird with cinnamon accents, inhabits shrubby habitats, contributes to ecosystems by consuming insects and aiding in seed dispersal. |
| Le Conte’s Sparrow (Ammospiza leconteii) | A secretive grassland sparrow with subtle markings, contributes to ecosystems by consuming seeds and insects and nesting in grassy habitats. |
| Least Flycatcher (Empidonax minimus) | A small songbird with distinct eye-ring, inhabits woodlands, contributes to ecosystems by consuming insects and aiding in pest control. |
| Lesser Scaup (Aythya affinis) | A diving duck with distinctive markings, frequents North American waters, contributes to aquatic ecosystems by consuming aquatic plants and invertebrates. |
| Lesser Yellowlegs (Tringa flavipes) | A medium-sized shorebird with long, yellow legs, frequents wetlands, contributes to ecosystems by consuming insects, aquatic organisms, and small fish. |
| Lewis’s Woodpecker (Melanerpes lewis) | A distinctive woodpecker with iridescent plumage, often perches conspicuously, contributes to ecosystems by consuming insects and aiding in tree health. |
| Lincoln’s Sparrow (Melospiza lincolnii) | A small songbird with streaked plumage, found in shrubby habitats, contributes to ecosystems by consuming insects and seeds. |
| Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus) | A predatory songbird with hooked bill, inhabits open areas, contributes to ecosystems by consuming insects, small vertebrates, and controlling pest populations. |
| Long-billed Curlew (Numenius americanus) | A distinctive shorebird with long, curved bill, frequents coastal areas, contributes to ecosystems by consuming insects and small vertebrates in wetlands and grasslands. |
| Long-billed Dowitcher (Limnodromus scolopaceus) | A medium-sized shorebird with long bill, frequents mudflats and marshes, contributes to ecosystems by consuming aquatic invertebrates and insects. |
| Long-eared Owl (Asio otus) | A secretive nocturnal raptor with “ear” tufts, found in woodlands, contributes to ecosystems by controlling rodent populations. |
| Long-tailed Duck, Oldsquaw (Clangula hyemalis) | An Arctic-breeding sea duck with long tail feathers, contributes to marine ecosystems by consuming marine invertebrates and small fish. |
| Macgillivray’s Warbler (Oporornis tolmiei) | A small songbird with distinct gray head and yellow undertail, contributes to ecosystems by consuming insects and nesting in shrubby habitats. |
| Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) | A versatile dabbling duck with distinctive coloring, inhabits various aquatic habitats, contributes to ecosystems by consuming aquatic plants and small invertebrates. |
| Marbled Godwit (Limosa fedoa) | A large shorebird with upturned bill, frequents mudflats and marshes, contributes to ecosystems by consuming aquatic invertebrates and small vertebrates. |
| Mccown’s Longspur (Calcarius mccownii) | A grassland sparrow with distinctive facial markings, contributes to ecosystems by consuming seeds and insects, and nesting in grassy habitats. |
| Merlin (Falco columbarius) | A small falcon with rapid flight, often found in open habitats, contributes to ecosystems by preying on small birds and controlling pest populations. |
| Mountain Bluebird (Sialia currucoides) | A striking blue songbird of open habitats, contributes to ecosystems by consuming insects and aiding in pollination by feeding on berries. |
| Mountain Chickadee (Parus gambeli) | A small songbird with distinctive cap, inhabits coniferous forests, contributes to ecosystems by consuming insects and aiding in seed dispersal. |
| Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura) | A medium-sized dove with soft, mournful call, inhabits various habitats, contributes to ecosystems by consuming seeds and aiding in plant dispersal. |
| Northern Flicker (Colaptes auratus) | A medium-sized woodpecker with distinctive markings, frequents woodlands and open areas, contributes to ecosystems by consuming insects and excavating nests. |
| Northern Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) | A powerful raptor of forests, preys on mammals and birds, plays a crucial role in maintaining balanced ecosystems by controlling prey populations. |
| Northern Harrier (Circus cyaneus) | A slender raptor with distinctive hunting behavior, often seen gliding low over grasslands, contributes to ecosystems by preying on small mammals and birds. |
| Northern Hawk Owl (Surnia ulula) | A day-active owl with hawk-like appearance, inhabits boreal forests, contributes to ecosystems by preying on small mammals and birds. |
| Northern Mockingbird (Mimus polyglottos) | A skilled mimic with varied song, thrives in diverse habitats, contributes to ecosystems by consuming insects and dispersing seeds. |
| Northern Parula (Parula americana) | A small warbler with blue-gray upperparts and yellow throat, frequents forests near water, contributes to ecosystems by consuming insects and aiding in pollination. |
| Northern Pintail (Anas acuta) | An elegant duck with distinctive long tail, inhabits wetlands, contributes to ecosystems by consuming aquatic vegetation and small invertebrates, and providing food for predators. |
| Northern Pygmy Owl (Glaucidium gnoma) | A small diurnal owl with striking appearance, preys on small birds and mammals, contributes to ecosystems by controlling rodent populations. |
| Northern Rough-winged Swallow (Stelgidopteryx serripennis) | A plain swallow with rough-edged wing feathers, frequents open areas near water, contributes to ecosystems by consuming flying insects. |
| Northern Saw-whet Owl (Aegolius acadicus) | A small nocturnal owl with distinct call, resides in forests, contributes to ecosystems by preying on insects and small rodents. |
| Northern Shoveler (Anas clypeata) | A distinctive duck with large spatula-shaped bill, forages in shallow waters, contributes to ecosystems by filtering and consuming aquatic plants and invertebrates. |
| Northern Shrike, Great Gray Shrike (Lanius excubitor) | A predatory songbird with hooked bill, impales prey on thorns, inhabits open habitats, contributes to ecosystems by controlling rodent populations. |
| Northern Waterthrush (Seiurus noveboracensis) | A warbler with white eye-line, found near freshwater streams and wetlands, contributes to ecosystems by consuming insects and larvae in aquatic habitats. |
| Olive-sided Flycatcher (Contopus borealis) | A stocky bird with distinct “quick-three-beers” song, perches on high branches, contributes to ecosystems by controlling insect populations. |
| Orange-crowned Warbler (Vermivora celata) | A plain-colored with greenish or yellowish crown, forages in shrubs and trees, contributes to ecosystems by consuming insects and spiders. |
| Osprey (Pandion haliaetus) | A large raptor with distinctive “fish hawk” behavior, catches fish with talons, found near water bodies, vital to aquatic ecosystems. |
| Ovenbird (Seiurus aurocapillus) | A small warbler with distinct “teacher, teacher, teacher” song, nests on the ground, forages for insects, inhabits forests and woodlands. |
| Pacific Loon (Gavia pacifica) | A medium-sized diver with checkered back, breeds in Arctic tundra, winters along coastal waters, feeds on fish and crustaceans. |
| Pectoral Sandpiper (Calidris melanotos) | A medium-sized shorebird with streaked back, migrates long distances, breeds in Arctic, winters in South America, forages in mudflats and wetlands. |
| Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus) | A powerful raptor, fast and agile in flight, preys on birds mid-air, nests on cliffs and buildings, symbolizes speed and precision. |
| Pied-billed Grebe (Podilymbus podiceps) | A small diving bird with distinctive bill, secretive in marshes, dives to catch aquatic insects, fish, mollusks. |
| Pileated Woodpecker (Dryocopus pileatus) | A large, striking woodpecker with vibrant red crest, often heard drumming on trees, forages for insects in tree bark. |
| Pine Grosbeak (Pinicola enucleator) | A plump finch, males rosy-red, females yellowish-olive, found in northern forests, often visits feeders during winter. |
| Pine Siskin (Carduelis pinus) | A small finch with streaked body, pointed bill, yellow wing bars, often seen in flocks, feeds on seeds from conifers and plants. |
| Prairie Falcon (Falco mexicanus) | A medium-sized raptor with gray-brown plumage, distinctive dark markings on face, hunts small birds and mammals in open habitats. |
| Red Crossbill (Loxia curvirostra) | A finch with unique crossed bill tips, specialized for extracting seeds from conifer cones, comes in various plumage types, nomadic behavior. |
| Red-breasted Merganser (Mergus serrator) | A diving duck, slender with shaggy crest, bright rust-colored breast, feeds mainly on fish, inhabits freshwater lakes and coastal waters. |
| Red-breasted Nuthatch (Sitta canadensis) | A small songbird, blue-gray upperparts, rusty-red underparts, distinctive nasal call, climbs down trees headfirst, often found in coniferous forests. |
| Red-eyed Vireo (Vireo olivaceus) | A small songbird, olive-green upperparts, white underparts, distinctive red eyes, persistent and repetitive song often heard in North American woodlands during summer. |
| Red-naped Sapsucker (Sphyrapicus nuchalis) | A woodpecker species, black-and-white plumage, red crown and nape, creates distinct rows of sapwells on trees, found in western North America’s forests. |
| Red-necked Grebe (Podiceps grisegena) | A waterbird, striking red neck and face during breeding season, found in North America’s freshwater lakes, ponds, and coastal waters, skilled divers and swimmers. |
| Red-necked Phalarope (Phalaropus lobatus) | A small shorebird, distinctive red neck during breeding season, forages by spinning on water’s surface to stir up food, found near water bodies. |
| Red-tailed Hawk (Buteo jamaicensis) | A large raptor, recognizable by brick-red tail, widespread in North America, hunts rodents from perches or soaring overhead, common sight. |
| Red-throated Loon (Gavia stellata) | A medium-sized diver, distinct red throat in breeding plumage, breeds in the Arctic, winters along coasts, known for its eerie wailing calls. |
| Red-winged Blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus) | A medium-sized blackbird, males have red shoulder patches, common in wetlands, known for their distinctive “conk-la-ree” song and territorial displays. |
| Redhead (Aythya americana) | A medium-sized diving duck, males have distinctive reddish head and blue bill, found in freshwater lakes and ponds, often forms large flocks during migration. |
| Ring-billed Gull (Larus delawarensis) | A medium-sized gull with white body, yellow legs, and distinctive black ring around its yellow bill; common near freshwater lakes, rivers, and coastal areas. |
| Ring-necked Duck (Aythya collaris) | A small diving duck with distinctive white ring on its bill; males have glossy black head, gray body, and white ring; females are brown with a lighter face. |
| Ring-necked Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) | A colorful game bird; males have iridescent green and copper plumage, white neck ring; introduced for hunting, often seen in grasslands and agricultural areas. |
| Rock Pigeon (Columba livia) | An urban-dwelling bird with gray-blue plumage, white rump; often seen in cities, on buildings; domesticated form of the wild Rock Dove. |
| Rock Wren (Salpinctes obsoletus) | A small, brown bird with white streaks, mottled appearance; lives in rocky habitats of western North America; melodious song. |
| Rose-breasted Grosbeak (Pheucticus ludovicianus) | A striking black and white bird with rosy-red breast; migratory; found in forests and gardens; known for its melodious song |
| Ross’ Goose (Chen rossii) | A small, white goose with short neck and round head; distinctive grin patch; breeds in the Arctic and winters in North America. |
| Rosy-Finch (Leucosticte arctoa) | A small songbird with pink plumage; found in high mountain areas; three species include Gray-crowned, Black, and Brown-capped Rosy-Finches. |
| Rough-legged Hawk (Buteo lagopus) | A raptor with feathered legs and a distinctive dark belly band. It frequents open areas and hunts small mammals during winter months. |
| Ruby-crowned Kinglet (Regulus calendula) | A tiny bird with greenish plumage. The male has a hidden red crown patch that’s displayed during excitement or aggression. |
| Ruddy Duck (Oxyura jamaicensis) | A small, stocky duck with a blue bill, white cheeks, and a distinctive stiff tail that is often held upright. |
| Ruffed Grouse (Bonasa umbellus) | A woodland bird with mottled brown plumage, a ruff of feathers around its neck, and a distinctive drumming display during mating season. |
| Rufous Hummingbird (Selasphorus rufus) | A small, fiery-orange bird with iridescent feathers. It’s known for its long migration and aggressive behavior around feeders. |
| Rufous-sided Towhee (Pipilo erythrophthalmus) | A sparrow-sized bird with a distinctive rufous-colored side and a black cap. It’s known for its distinctive “drink-your-tea” song. |
| Rusty Blackbird (Euphagus carolinus) | A medium-sized blackbird with a rusty appearance on its feathers. It’s often found in wetlands and forested areas, especially during migration. |
| Sage Thrasher (Oreoscoptes montanus) | A medium-sized songbird found in sagebrush habitats of western North America. It has streaked plumage and a distinctive song. |
| Sandhill Crane (Grus canadensis) | A tall, long-legged bird with a distinctive rolling call. It’s known for its graceful appearance and is found in wetlands and grasslands. |
| Savannah Sparrow (Passerculus sandwichensis) | A small bird with streaked plumage and a yellow eyebrow stripe. It prefers grassy habitats and has a distinctive buzzy song. |
| Say’s Phoebe (Sayornis saya) | A flycatcher with a gray-brown body, pale throat, and cinnamon belly. It’s often seen perched on fences, walls, or wires, hunting insects. |
| Semipalmated Plover (Charadrius semipalmatus) | A small shorebird with a brown back, white underparts, and distinctive black neckband. It feeds along sandy shores, mudflats, and beaches. |
| Sharp-shinned Hawk (Accipiter striatus) | A small accipiter with a blue-gray back, reddish-brown barring on its breast, and short, rounded wings. It preys on small birds. |
| Sharp-tailed Grouse (Tympanuchus phasianellus) | A medium-sized bird with a distinctive V-shaped tail. It inhabits grasslands and performs “dancing” displays during breeding season. |
| Snow Bunting (Plectrophenax nivalis) | A small, Arctic-breeding bird with a mostly white plumage and black markings. It forages on the ground and nests in rocky areas. |
| Snow Goose (Chen caerulescens) | A medium-sized waterfowl species with white plumage, often seen in large flocks during migration. It has distinctive black wingtips. |
| Snowy Owl (Nyctea scandiaca) | A large, white owl with yellow eyes, inhabiting Arctic regions. It’s known for its majestic appearance and is active both day and night. |
| Solitary Sandpiper (Tringa solitaria) | A medium-sized shorebird with a distinct white eye-ring, found near freshwater habitats. It’s known for its solitary behavior and distinctive call. |
| Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia) | A small bird with streaked brown plumage, found in a variety of habitats. It’s known for its melodic and varied song patterns. |
| Sora (Porzana Carolina) | A small, secretive bird inhabiting marshes. It has a distinctive whinny-like call and is known for its ability to walk on floating vegetation. |
| Spotted Sandpiper (Actitis macularia) | A medium-sized shorebird with distinctive spots on its breast. It’s known for its bobbing tail motion and habitat near water bodies. |
| Spruce Grouse (Dendragapus canadensis) | A forest-dwelling bird with mottled plumage that blends in well with its surroundings. It’s often found in coniferous forests of North America. |
| Steller’s Jay (Cyanocitta stelleri) | A striking blue and black bird found in western North America’s forests. Its loud calls and crest make it easily recognizable. |
| Surf Scoter (Melanitta perspicillata) | A large sea duck with a distinct appearance, featuring a black body, white patches on the head, and an orange bill. |
| Swainson’s Hawk (Buteo swainsoni) | A medium-sized raptor with a light underbelly and dark upperparts. It’s known for its distinctive white throat and rusty-colored tail. |
| Swainson’s Thrush (Catharus ustulatus) | A medium-sized songbird with a buffy eye-ring, olive-brown upperparts, and a white underbelly with bold dark spots. Its song is melodic and flute-like. |
| Tennessee Warbler (Vermivora peregrina) | A small, olive-colored bird with a white eye-ring and a pale yellow belly. It’s known for its rapid and high-pitched song. |
| Townsend’s Solitaire (Myadestes townsendi) | A medium-sized gray bird with a white eye-ring and a melodious, flute-like song. It often perches conspicuously while foraging on berries. |
| Townsend’s Warbler (Dendroica townsendi) | A small, vibrant North American songbird. Olive-green and yellow plumage, black streaks, with black markings around eyes. Found in coniferous forests during migration. |
| Tree Swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) | A sleek aerialist bird. Metallic blue-green above, white below. Agile fliers, feed on insects mid-flight. Nest in cavities, common across North America. |
| Trumpeter Swan (Cygnus buccinator) | A majestic North American waterfowl. Largest swan species, snowy white plumage, long neck, distinctive trumpeting calls. Graceful on water, symbol of elegance. |
| Tundra Swan (Cygnus columbianus) | A graceful waterfowl. Snow-white plumage, black beak. Migrate long distances between Arctic breeding grounds and temperate wintering areas. Elegant and vocal. |
| Turkey Vulture (Cathartes aura) | A large scavenging bird. Bald red head, dark plumage. Soars effortlessly, using keen sense of smell to locate carrion. Essential for ecosystem hygiene. |
| Varied Thrush (Ixoreus naevius) | A pacific Northwest songbird. Vivid orange and gray plumage, bold black necklace. Melodic calls, shy demeanor. Enlivens forests with its unique appearance and sound. |
| Vaux’s Swift (Chaetura vauxi) | A small, agile bird. Dark sooty-brown plumage, distinctive cigar-shaped body. Expert aerialist, often seen in rapid, swirling flights. Roosts in chimneys and hollow trees. |
| Veery (Catharus fuscescens) | A delicate thrush with cinnamon-brown upperparts, creamy underparts. Renowned for haunting, spiraling song in Eastern forests. Migratory, secretive, evokes woodland tranquility. |
| Vesper Sparrow (Pooecetes gramineus) | A grassland songbird. Streaked brown upperparts, white eye-ring, and distinct chestnut shoulder patch. Nocturnal song at dusk, habitat in open fields and prairies. |
| Violet-green Swallow (Tachycineta thalassina) | A colorful aerial bird. Glossy green upperparts, white underparts with violet throat and rump. Acrobatic fliers, nesting in cavities, found across western North America. |
| Warbling Vireo (Vireo gilvus) | A small, plain songbird. Olive-green upperparts, white underparts. Delicate warbling song in trees near water. Often hard to spot due to foliage. |
| Western Bluebird (Sialia mexicana) | A vibrant songbird. Bright blue upperparts, orange-brown breast. Found in open woodlands. Contributes to natural pest control by feeding on insects. |
| Western Grebe (Aechmophorus occidentalis) | An elegantly adorned waterbird. Striking black and white plumage, long neck, red eyes. Graceful courtship dance on water. Inhabit lakes and ponds in North America. |
| Western Kingbird (Tyrannus verticalis) | A bold flycatcher. Gray upperparts, yellow underparts, distinct white throat. Skilled aerial insect catcher, often perches on open branches. Common across western North America. |
| Western Meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta) | An iconic grassland bird. Bright yellow underparts with black V on chest, brown upperparts. Melodious, flute-like song characterizes open landscapes across western North America. |
| Western Sandpiper (Calidris mauri) | A petite shorebird. Brown and white plumage with slightly curved bill. Migratory, feeds on invertebrates along coastal shores and mudflats. |
| Western Screech-Owl (Otus kennicottii) | A nocturnal owl. Small size, tuftless “horns,” mottled gray-brown plumage. Eerie trilling calls in woodland habitats across western North America. |
| Western Tanager (Piranga ludoviciana) | A striking songbird. Bright yellow body, black wings, and distinctive red head in males; more subdued colors in females. Summer visitor to western forests, known for melodious song. |
| Western Wood-Pewee (Contopus sordidulus) | A flycatching bird. Gray-brown upperparts, pale underparts. Distinctive “pee-a-wee” call. Found in forests and woodlands across western North America, catching insects in mid-air. |
| White-breasted Nuthatch (Sitta carolinensis) | An agile tree climber. Blue-gray upperparts, white underparts, black cap. Moves headfirst down trunks, feeding on insects and seeds. Recognizable nasal “yank-yank” call. |
| White-crowned Sparrow (Zonotrichia leucophrys) | A distinctive sparrow. Gray and brown streaked upperparts, bold black-and-white striped head. Melodic song, often found in shrubby habitats across North America. |
| White-tailed Ptarmigan (Lagopus leucurus) | An arctic bird of mountain regions. Camouflaged in white plumage, black tail, red eyepatch in males. Adapts to snowy landscapes, changing to mottled brown in summer. |
| White-throated Sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis) | A distinctive sparrow. Black and white striped crown, white throat, and yellow lores. Whistling song with “Old Sam Peabody” mnemonic. Common in North American woodlands. |
| White-winged Crossbill (Loxia leucoptera) | A specialized finch. Crossed bill tips for extracting conifer seeds. Males red, females olive. Nomadic, irruptive movements based on seed availability. Found across North America. |
| White-winged Scoter (Melanitta fusca) | A sea duck. Dark plumage with distinctive white eye patches and white wing patches. Winter visitor to coastal waters, diving for mollusks and crustaceans. |
| Willet (Catoptrophorus semipalmatus) | A shorebird with long, straight bill. Mottled gray-brown upperparts, white underparts. Distinctive piercing calls in coastal habitats. Probes for invertebrates along shores of North and South America. |
| Williamson’s Sapsucker (Sphyrapicus thyroideus) | A woodpecker with bold plumage. Black and white, males with red throat. Creates sapwells on trees, feeding on sap and insects. Western North American forests. |
| Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii) | A small, plain flycatcher. Olive-gray upperparts, pale underparts. Recognized by distinct “fitz-bew” song in wetland habitats across North America. |
| Wilson’s Phalarope (Phalaropus tricolor) | A unique shorebird. Females more colorful, males incubate eggs. Spins in water to stir up prey. Migratory, found in wetlands across North and South America. |
| Wilson’s Warbler (Wilsonia pusilla) | A small, vibrant songbird. Bright yellow plumage, distinctive black cap. Active in shrubs and trees, flashing its colors while foraging. Summers in North America. |
| Winter Wren (Troglodytes troglodytes) | A tiny, secretive bird. Brown with barred wings, short tail often cocked. Melodic song despite its size. Inhabits dense vegetation across North America. |
| Wood Duck (Aix sponsa) | A colorful waterfowl. Male has iridescent green, red eyes, and distinctive white stripes. Female mottled brown. Nests in tree cavities, inhabiting North American wetlands. |
| Yellow Warbler (Dendroica petechia) | A bright songbird. Vibrant yellow plumage, red streaks on breast. Sweet, rhythmic song in various habitats across North America. Symbol of summer. |
| Yellow-billed Loon (Gavia adamsii) | An arctic waterbird. Striking black and white markings, yellow bill. Breeds in tundra lakes, migrates to coastal waters. Known for haunting, eerie calls. |
| Yellow-headed Blackbird (Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus) | A striking marsh bird. Vibrant yellow head, black body. Males have white wing patches. Contributes unique calls to wetland habitats across North America. |
| Yellow-rumped Warbler (Dendroica coronata) | A versatile songbird. Blue-gray upperparts, yellow throat and sides, white belly. Winter form has distinctive yellow rump. Found across North America in various habitats. |
Reptiles
| Reptile Name | Description |
| Common Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis) | A widespread serpent with vibrant stripes, often found near water, contributes to ecosystem health by controlling insect and amphibian populations. |
| Painted Turtle (Chrysemys picta) | A colorful aquatic reptile, adorned with distinct patterns, frequents ponds and wetlands, contributing to aquatic ecosystems by controlling insect populations. |
| Terrestrial Garter Snake (Thamnophis elegans) | A common snake with distinct stripes, found in diverse habitats, it plays a role in controlling rodent populations and balancing ecosystems. |
Amphibians
| Amphibian Name | Description |
| Boreal Chorus Frog (Pseudacris maculata) | A small amphibian with a melodic call, thriving in wetlands, its unique vocalizations enlivening boreal nights during breeding season. |
| Columbia Spotted Frog (Rana luteiventris) | An amphibian with distinct spots, thrives in wetlands and ponds, its presence enhances aquatic ecosystems and adds to biodiversity. |
| Rocky Mountain Tailed Frog (Ascaphus montanus) | A unique amphibian with a tail, inhabits cold, rocky streams, contributing to ecosystem health through its role in aquatic food chains. |
| Long-toed Salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum) | A notable amphibian with elongated toes, occupies forested habitats, an indicator of ecosystem health due to its sensitivity to environmental conditions. |
| Northern Pacific Treefrog (Pseudacris regilla) | A small arboreal amphibian, known for its chorus-like call, thriving in various habitats, contributing to ecosystem balance by controlling insects. |
| Western Toad (Bufo boreas) | A robust amphibian with warty skin, prefers moist habitats, crucial for controlling insect populations and maintaining ecological balance in its range. |
Fish
| Fish Name | Description |
| Arctic Grayling (Thymallus arcticus) | An elegant fish with iridescent hues, inhabiting clear, cold waters, symbolizing pristine environments and playing a role in aquatic ecosystems. |
| Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) | A colorful cold-water fish with speckled markings, vital to aquatic ecosystems, known for its preference for clear, clean streams. |
| Bull Trout (Salvelinus confluentus) | A large cold-water fish, native to North America, vital to aquatic ecosystems, preferring cool, clear streams and serving as an apex predator. |
| Burbot (Lota lota) | A freshwater cod-like fish with distinctive appearance, thriving in cold, deep waters, playing a role in aquatic food chains. |
| Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) | A small fish with blunt head, widespread in North America, important prey species, contributing to aquatic ecosystems and food chains. |
| Lake Trout (Salvelinus namaycush) | A large, cold-water fish inhabiting deep lakes, apex predator, key for maintaining balanced aquatic food chains and biodiversity. |
| Lake Whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) | A silvery cold-water fish, prominent in North American lakes, essential in aquatic food chains, valuable for both commercial and recreational fishing. |
| Largescale Sucker (Catostomus macrocheilus) | A bottom-feeding fish with distinct scales, inhabits freshwater habitats, contributing to aquatic ecosystems and food chains by consuming detritus. |
| Longnose Dace (Rhinichthys cataractae) | A small fish with elongated snout, common in North American streams, pivotal in aquatic ecosystems by controlling insect populations and serving as prey. |
| Longnose Sucker (Catostomus catostomus) | A bottom-feeding fish with elongated snout, found in freshwater habitats, aiding ecosystems by consuming detritus and controlling insect populations. |
| Mottled Sculpin (Cottus bairdii) | A small, benthic fish with intricate color patterns, inhabits North American streams, contributing to aquatic food chains by consuming insects and small organisms. |
| Mountain Whitefish (Prosopium williamsoni) | A cold-water fish with silver sheen, prominent in western North America’s rivers, essential for aquatic ecosystems and recreational fishing. |
| Northern Pike (Esox lucius) | A predatory fish with elongated body and distinctive markings, inhabits freshwater ecosystems, playing a vital role in aquatic food chains. |
| Northern Squawfish (Ptychocheilus oregonensis) | A large predatory fish, often misunderstood, found in North American rivers, contributing to aquatic ecosystems as a predator of smaller fish. |
| Peamouth (Mylocheilus caurinus) | A silvery minnow with pinkish mouth, found in North American waters, playing a role in aquatic food chains and ecosystem health. |
| Pygmy Whitefish (Prosopium coulteri) | A small, silvery fish, native to North American lakes, contributing to aquatic ecosystems as prey and indicator of water quality. |
| Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) | A colorful cold-water fish, sought after by anglers, thrives in freshwater streams and lakes, contributing to aquatic ecosystems and recreational fishing. |
| Redside Shiner (Richardsonius balteatus) | A small fish with distinct reddish stripe, inhabits North American waters, contributing to aquatic food chains and ecosystem health. |
| Shorthead Sculpin (Cottus confusus) | A small fish with a distinct head shape, found in North American waters, contributing to aquatic ecosystems by consuming insects and small organisms. |
| Slimy Sculpin (Oncorhynchus nerka) | A small fish with slimy skin, found in North American streams, contributing to aquatic ecosystems by consuming insects and small organisms. |
| Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) | An iconic anadromous fish with vibrant coloration, migrating between freshwater and oceans, a keystone species, supporting ecosystems and human communities. |
| Spoonhead Sculpin (Cottus ricei) | A small fish with unique head shape, inhabiting North American waters, contributing to aquatic food chains by consuming insects and small organisms. |
| Trout-Perch (Percopsis omiscomaycus) | A small fish with distinct shape, found in North American waters, contributes to aquatic ecosystems by consuming insects and providing prey for predator |
| Westslope Cutthroat Trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi) | A native fish with vibrant colors, inhabits cold streams, crucial for biodiversity and recreational fishing in western North America. |
| White Sucker (Catostomus commersoni) | A bottom-feeding fish with light coloration, common in North American waters, plays a role in aquatic ecosystems by consuming detritus and insects. |
| Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii bouvieri) | An iconic fish of western North America, known for red throat markings, vital for ecosystems and recreational fishing in Yellowstone region. |
Note: The wildlife species included in the lists above have been confirmed with the National Park Service to be present in Glacier National Park. Other species may exist in the park that are currently under review or not yet known.
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References:
- National Park Species List
- Featured Photo Credit: Sunrise at St. Mary Lake Glacier National Park, Montana by NPS